Do I have cause to file a employer retaliation claim?

There is no such thing as a general "hostile work environment complaint" as a legal claim: given "employment at will" (the law in this nation), employers and their workplaces may be as hostile as they like. There is no right to a job, and so no right to be treated well or fairly at work. The notion of "employment at will" means that the assumption is that if you don't like where you work, you will look for a different job.
Therefore, as a general matter, you do not have a claim for a hostile work environment and can be terminated despite making such a claim, or even specifically for making the claim, and would not have a claim for illegal retaliation.
The only times you have a claim for a hostile work environment would be if the hostility was directed against you due to a specifically protected characteristic: e.g. race, color, national origin, sex, age 40 or over, religion, or disability. It is illegal to harass someone becaue of one of these characteristics; if the hostiity as directed towards you because of one of these things, then you would have had a viable hostile workplace claim. And similarly, if you were terminated due to (or seemingly due to; i.e. when there is not another good explanation for the termination) presenting a claim for such illegal harassment, then you would in that case have a viable retaliation claim: employers may not punish employees for raising claims that they are being discriminated against due to their race, religion, color, etc.
If you feel that you were targetted specifically due to one of these protected characteristics--and are now being retaliated against for raising the issue--then you should contact the federal EEOC about filing a harassment and also a retaliation complaint.